Friday, October 19, 2007

To what extend were the Articles of Confederation an inadequate form of government?

***The Articles of Confederation was extremely inadequate due to weakness of representation in the central government, domestic affairs with Massachusetts farmers with inflation and foreign affairs with Spain.
***Under the Articles of Confederation, the central government was ineffective. The most authority remained with the individual states. Even though the states had more authority, the Articles of Confederation protected against tyrannical abuses by having a strong central government. Some features of the Articles of Confederation were no chief executive and no provision for a uniform national currency. All of these features were major weaknesses. Having no chief executive led to Spain having control of the Mississippi River. If the Articles of Confederation had that executive department, the U.S would already had troops in line for war. There were no provision for a uniform national currency which lead to inflation in states. For example, Massachusetts was tax heavily because of inflation and no uniform currency. The citizens wanted their state government to resolve these problems but under the A.O.C, the states had to handle with economic problems on their own. Even though the A.O.C was to establish a stable government, it had many defaults.
***The Articles of Confederation could not address the economic needs of the nation and the individual states, so therefore, it could not solve problems that dealt with inflation and depression. Some states imposed heavily taxes on their citizens to tackle inflation and address their infrastructural needs. Infrastructural needs was the process of building roads, bridges and highways within a state. Massachusetts was one of the states that was taxed heavy. This state imposed thirty percent tax on a average farmer. Due to this taxation, many farmers lost their farms or went to debtor's prison. The farmers in Massachusetts organized and petitioned their state government to issue more money to reduce inflation in the economy. The state legislature rejected their demands and the farmers engaged in open revolt. This rebellion was to protest and prevent foreclosure of their farms and collection of taxes . This revolt was called "Shay's Rebellion", which was lead by Daniel Shay. The action of this rebellion so powerful that the delegates made sure to add domestic violence in the new constitution.
***Difficulties with foreign affairs were another burden of the Articles of Confederation. In the Treaty of Paris, both Britain and the United States violated the treaty. The United States violated the treaty by not compensating the loyalists whose property was taken away during the war and to pay for the foreign debts. Britain violated also by maintaining forts in the Northwest Territory. The United States could not do nothing about the forts except protest. Also British had trade restrictions on the U.S, which weaken their economy even more. Spain pointed out the U.S weakness, their economical status, and wanted to take over the Mississippi river. Spain decided to do this because they feared that the United States would expand on their power. Spain and the States quarreled over undefined Northern boundary of Florida and victory was in Spain's hand. The Articles was weaken in this affair because it did not state any authority to someone, or chief executive, that would conduct foreign affairs in time of war. If this was stated, then troops would have been in line waiting for war to come to their hands.
***Due to the Articles of Confederation, the United States did not have a fully stable government. Having domestic affairs like inflation and depression within a state, only made citizens more angry with their government. Having no representation, or executive leader for foreign affairs, put more responsibility on the states and allowed the Unites States popularity to decrease by other countries detecting the states weaknesses easily. The Articles of Confederation was only a step to stability within the states but it had many improvements that needed to be made.

Sunday, October 7, 2007

To what extend did the American Revolution fundamentally change American society?

***The American Revolution fundamentally changed the American society politically, socially and economically by the establishments of the Declaration of Independence, paper currency, Women's rights and slavery.
***The American Revolution brought enormous effects on the Americans society. One major approach to endure in this change is the Declaration of Independence. George Washington declared a change in the society because he thought it was time to become independent from the Britain's crown. "If men were angels, no gov't would be necessary"(Doc.I). This statement supports the reason of wanting independence because being under the Britain's crown was unfair and Americans did not want that type of government any more. This action also led to the American colonies wanting to self-govern their own society.
***Another establishment in the American society was paper currency.At first, the paper currency was not worth any amount at all. Anyone could have put any amount on a coin or bill and people would believe that was worth of the currency. This was not working out because money had no value which led to confusion of the value of money. Some Americans were "crying out for paper currency"(Doc. G). This quote supports the feeling that the Americans had on paper currency because they believed if they had a printed document that states to be owned and published as their own, it would lean on toward of being independent from Britain.
*** Being under the Britain's crown was compared to slavery. Women had not rights in any part of the community unless they were widows. Women in the colonies were compared as being a dog on a leash and demanded not to speak a word unless spoken too. The women was fed up because they felt as if they should not even appear in public since they had no rights. As Molly Wallace clearly explained,"... ought ever to appear in so public a manner,"(Doc. J). This show how women in the society felt useless and unimportant because they had no roles. Also women wanted the same rights as men,"some for an equal distribution of property"(Doc. G). Women in the society was just fed up and wanted equality.
*** The finally factor of how the American Revolution changed the American society is slavery. The Britain's always thought of an easier way to make conduct things. One thing they wanted to make easier was labor, which pin pointed to slavery. The Britain's thought if slaves were placed in their society they would be free of labor and money because slaves did not need much. The Americans thought different. They felt as if all men should be created equal and have the same rights. Which this fact supports the meaning of the Declaration of Independence. The Americans exclaimed that there shall be "neither slavery nor involuntary servitude," (Doc.H). This supports the beliefs of the Americans not wanting slavery and the way they wanted to control their lands.
***There were many factors that fundamentally changed the American society during the American Revolution. Having the Declaration of Independence, paper currency, limitation on Women's rights and slavery were just a few of those factors that sculpted the American Society.